Henry Nicolle California state Citizen for Congress

Revised 25 July

Error Discussions
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Misunderstandings, Misconceptions and Opinions

The federal government is not the "Supreme" authority of our union of states.

Federal powers are re-delegations of powers delegated to the states.

Federal powers are the re-delegation of certain powers held by state institutions, our intention being that logic, reason and good sense required a separate federal governing institution which would act as the agent of each and of all the states in conduct of common affairs between the states and between the states and other governments.

The powers we allow government are shared from the states to the federal government. The states, not the People, delegated powers for federal activities. The states have not been allowed unlimited powers and therefore could not grant the federal government unlimited powers. In any event, the states surrendered a handful of enumerated powers for enumerated purposes. Those are the ONLY powers of the federal government that people of the federal government may lawfully exercise.

In addition to the enumerated powers that the federal government was allowed to exercise, other powers were explicitly denied, withheld from any federal expression.

Generally, powers delegated by state authority to the federal government are not concurrently exercised powers, the states agreeing that these powers would be denied exercise by the states.

The powers and authority of the federal government are therefore few, enumerated and limited to the purposes for which they were delegated. Those, and ONLY those powers may be considered supreme. They are not so supreme, however, that we cannot take them away or substitute them, with lesser powers. (Return)

Federal law does not apply to everyone in the United States.

Federal powers have two jurisdictions - limited powers including the states and unlimited powers outside the states.

The federal government may exercise only those powers delegated under the constitution.

The federal government may enforce general laws when acting generally for the union. These are few and have effect generally including among the states and all other areas within the boundaries of the United States.

The people of our federal government may also "exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever," over the District of Columbia and all places purchased by the Congress. These laws may not be enforced within the exterior boundaries of any state.

The people of our federal government assume for themselves, UNLIMITED POWERS, akin "to the powers of any other supreme ruler in other countries" when "exercising exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever," over the District of Columbia and all places purchased by the Congress.

The people of the federal government also claim that federal authority and powers without the states, extends to the ends of the universe and without any constitutional enumeration, limits or bindings whatsoever.

Even so, the general laws exclude most federal activity within the exterior boundaries of the states, and none at all where a federal power has not been delegated or when state powers are reserved, without concurrent authority.

I disagree strongly with any presumption of unlimited powers and unlimited jurisdiction. If we have not granted an unlimited power, it does not exist and cannot be implied.
I disagree strongly with any presumption of powers that can be exercised without an enumerated power from the People. If we have not granted an unlimited power, it does not exist and cannot be implied. (Return)